منابع مشابه
Opacity and Abstractions
The opacity property characterises the absence of confidential information flow towards inquisitive attackers. Verifying opacity is well established for finite automata but is known to be not decidable for more expressive models like Turing machines or Petri nets. As a consequence, for a system dealing with confidential information, formally certifying its confidentiality may be impossible, but...
متن کاملReferential and Lexical Givenness:
The main objective of the paper is to show that for an adequate analysis of an item’s information status in spoken language two levels of givenness have to be investigated: a referential and a lexical level. This separation is a crucial step towards our goal to arrive at the best possible classification of nominal expressions occurring in natural discourse which reflects our understanding of al...
متن کاملCompetition and Bank Opacity
Did regulatory reforms that lowered barriers to competition among U.S. banks increase or decrease the degree to which banks manage the information that they disclose to the public and regulators? We find that relaxing regulatory impediments to competition reduced discretionary loan loss provisioning and the frequency with which banks restate financial statements. The results suggest that compet...
متن کاملOpacity Testing
Opacity testing is formalized and studied. We specify opacity testers as well as tested systems by (timed) process algebras. We model various testers according to how sophisticated observations of tested system they can make and which kind of conclusions they can obtain. We use this technique to define several realistic security properties. The properties are studied and compared with other sec...
متن کاملUniverse opacity and EBL
The observed extragalactic background light (EBL) is affected by light attenuation due to absorption of light by galactic and intergalactic dust in the Universe. Even galactic opacity of 10-20 percent and minute universe intergalactic opacity of 0.01 mag h Gpc ́1 at the local Universe have a significant impact on the EBL because obscuration of galaxies and density of intergalactic dust increase ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society
سال: 2014
ISSN: 2377-1666,0363-2946
DOI: 10.3765/bls.v2i0.2280